He kūpono ia no ka injection intrathecal a me nā ʻano lapaʻau ʻē aʻe (e like me ka analgesics systemic, adjuvant therapy a i ʻole sheath) ʻO Ziconotide kahi mea ikaika, koho a hoʻohuli hou i ka N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker, kahi kūpono no ka ʻeha refractory, a ʻaʻole hoʻohua. ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokau i ka hilinaʻi kino a me ka noʻonoʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o ka hanu ma muli o ka overdose.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā, me ka hopena curative maikaʻi, palekana kiʻekiʻe, liʻiliʻi nā hopena ʻino, ʻaʻohe kūʻē lāʻau a me ka addiction.Loaʻa i kēia huahana kahi manaʻo mākeke nui ma ke ʻano he painkiller.
Wahi a nā helu helu ʻole, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻeha ma ka honua ma kahi o 35% ~ 45% i kēia manawa, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻeha o ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ma kahi o 75% ~ 90%.Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻAmelika ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka migraine mai 23.6 miliona ma 1989 a i 28 miliona ma 2001. Ma ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka ʻeha mau ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻeono ma Kina, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo 40% ka nui o ka ʻeha mau loa i nā pākeke, a me ka ʻO ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau he 35%;ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻeha mau i ka poʻe ʻelemakule he 65% ~ 80%, a ʻo ka helu o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kauka he 85%.I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ke piʻi aʻe nei nā kumukūʻai lapaʻau no ka hōʻeha ʻeha i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Mai 2013 a Iulai 2015, ka Pain Research Center ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kekahi mau keʻena lapaʻau i alakaʻi i kahi noiʻi lōʻihi, multi-center a me ka nānā ʻana i ka intrathecal injection o ziconotide i 93 mau maʻi wahine keʻokeʻo me ka ʻeha mau loa.Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pālākiō kikohoʻe ʻeha a me ka helu sensory holoʻokoʻa o nā maʻi me ka injection intrathecal o ziconotide a me ka ʻole o ka ziconotide ma waena o lākou, 51 nā mea maʻi i hoʻohana i ka intrathecal injection o ziconotide, aʻo 42 nā mea maʻi ʻaʻole.ʻO 7.4 a me 7.9 nā helu ʻeha kumu.ʻO ka maʻa i manaʻo ʻia o ka intrathecal injection o ziconotide he 0.5-2.4 mcg / lā, i hoʻoponopono ʻia e like me ka pane ʻeha o ka mea maʻi a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao.ʻO ka awelika kumu mua he 1.6 mcg / lā, 3.0 mcg / lā i 6 mau mahina a me 2.5 i 9 mau mahina.Ma 12 mahina, ʻo ia ka 1.9 mcg / lā, a ma hope o 6 mau mahina, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka helu he 29.4%, ʻo ka hoʻonui hoʻohālikelike ʻana he 6.4%, a ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka helu sensory holoʻokoʻa he 69.2% a me 35.7%.Ma hope o 12 mahina, ʻo 34.4% a me 3.4% ka emi ʻana o kēlā me kēia, a ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka helu sensory holoʻokoʻa he 85.7% a me 71.4%.ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe loa he nausea (19.6% a me 7.1%), hallucination (9.8% a me 11.9%) a me ka dizziness (13.7% a me 7.1%).Ua hōʻoia hou nā hopena o kēia noiʻi i ka pono a me ka palekana o ka ziconotide i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke ʻano he intrathecal injection laina mua.
Hiki ke huli ʻia ka haʻawina mua ma ka ziconotide i ka makahiki 1980, i ka wā i ʻimi ʻia ai ka noi therapeutic kūpono o nā peptides paʻa a me ka protein-like i loko o ka conus venom no ka manawa mua.ʻO kēia mau conotoxins he mau peptides liʻiliʻi i waiwai i nā paʻa disulfide, maʻamau 10-40 koena i ka lōʻihi, e hoʻopaʻa i nā ala ion like ʻole, GPCR a me nā protein transporter me ka maikaʻi a me ke koho.ʻO Ziconotide he 25-peptide i loaʻa mai Conus magus, aia i loko o ʻekolu mau mea paʻa disulfide, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona pōkole β-fold i loko o kahi ʻano ʻekolu-dimensional kū hoʻokahi, e hiki ai iā ia ke koho koho i nā kaha CaV2.2.
